Given the many young users of this platform (e.g., 81.68% of China users of Tiktok are under 35 years old-see above, and 32.5% of the US users are 19 years old and younger) 4, it is of particular relevance to better understand the motivation to use TikTok, alongside related topics. As a consequence, TikTok users imitate the content or interact with the original video.Īs the large user numbers in a very short time-window demonstrate, TikTok not only represents a global phenomenon but also has been criticized with respect to data protection issues/privacy ( 5, 6), spreading hate ( 7) and might serve as a platform engendering cyberbullying ( 8, 9). Users can also call out for “challenges,” where they define which performance should be created by many users. These so-called “LipSync-Videos” can be shared with other users, downloaded for non-commercial purposes, commented upon and of course attached with a “Like.” Not only are playback-videos uploaded on TikTok but also users view a large amount of video content. The TikTok application available for Android and Apple smartphones enables creation of short videos where users can perform playback-videos to diverse pop-songs, to name one very prominent feature of the platform. Similarities and differences of the twin apps are further described with a content analysis by Sun et al. Of note, at the moment of writing, the app operates as TikTok on the global market and as DouYin on the Chinese market ( 3). Meanwhile, to protect children and adolescents from unsuitable content (such as smoking, drinking, or rude language), TikTok's engineers also developed a version of the app, which filters inappropriate content for young users ( 2). In China, the main users of TikTok are under 35 years old (81.68% (2)). TikTok use is allowed for those 13 years or older, but direct messaging between users is allowed only for those 16 or older (in order to protect young users from grooming) 3. As of November 2020, 800 million monthly users have been reported 1, and 738 million first-time installs in 2019 have been estimated 2. In a short time period, this application became the most successful app from Chinese origin in terms of global distribution ( 1). Beijing Bytedance Technology acquired the application musical.ly in November 2017 and renamed the app to TikTok. Musical.ly was founded in September 2016 by Zhang Yiming. In light of user characteristics of the TikTok platform, this research is highly relevant because TikTok users are often adolescents and therefore from a group of potentially vulnerable individuals. Given the many unexplored research questions related to TikTok use, it is high time to strengthen research efforts to better understand TikTok use and whether certain aspects of its use result in detrimental behavioral effects. In particular, insights from uses and gratification theory in the realm of TikTok are highlighted, and we also discuss aspects of the TikTok platform design. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview on the small empirical literature available thus far. Despite its success in terms of user numbers, psychological studies aiming at an understanding of TikTok use are scarce. Since its founding in September 2016, TikTok has seen widespread distribution, in particular, attracting young users to engage in viewing, creating, and commenting on “LipSync-Videos” on the app. TikTok (in Chinese: DouYin formerly known as musical.ly) currently represents one of the most successful Chinese social media applications in the world. 5Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States.4Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States.3Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin, China.2The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.1Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.Christian Montag 1,2 * Haibo Yang 3 Jon D.
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